Moisture-variable diffusion-inhibiting layers are films regulating moisture. They are used, for example, in flat-sloping or pitched, fully insulated, non-ventilated roof constructions with metal roofi

Masonry is made from masonry units bound by mortar or other bonding agents and possibly other accessories. Different techniques are used to produce masonry for different application areas. In many cas

Concrete constituents

In carpentry joints, timber elements are permanently jointed by shaping – without additional mechanical fasteners. Timber construction

For internal bonded post-tensioning, the tendons are arranged in a sheath (tendon duct) which is grouted after the prestressing force has been applied. These post-tensioning systems are used for prest

Barrier glazing is glazing designed to prevent people from falling to a lower level. In the event of impact on the glazing, the risk of injury is supposed to be low. Furthermore, the lower-lying traff

In ventilation units using heat pump technology, the ambient heat, e.g. the heat from the earth or the heat from the outside air, is used for space heating. Common variants include: ventilation unit w

Ventilation units with heat recovery serve to supply and remove air from indoor spaces while transferring the residual heat from the exhaust air to the supply air via a heat exchanger. Ventilation

Cesspits are liquid-tight tanks, usually installed underground, for waste water containing faecal matter (sewage). Given that cesspits are not connected to the sewer system, professional emptying and

Precast concrete products are products made of concrete, reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete which are manufactured at a location other than the final place of use. Precast concrete products a

Metal products and construction techniques

Other concrete construction techniques include, e.g., knife-edge bearings and ring beams. A knife-edge bearing is used to introduce vertical and horizontal forces into sheet piling profiles and steel

Headed bolts are made of round steel or reinforcing steel bars. The bars are headed at one end. A thread is rolled on or cut at the other end of the bar. The end can also be prepared for welding on of

Sanitary appliances refer to those parts of a sanitary installation through which accumulating rainwater, foul or waste water is fed into the property drainage system (e.g. WCs, urinals, showers, bath

Flue gas heat exchangers transfer the thermal energy from the heating appliance flue gas to the heating water. This increases the efficiency of the heating system. Heating appliances, chimneys

External thermal insulation composite systems, or ETICS for short, are multi-layer systems used to insulate the external wall of a building. The ETICS consists of insulating materials, a type of fixin

Small wastewater treatment systems serve to purify domestic foul water from buildings with up to 50 inhabitants. The wastewater is treated using physical and biological processes. Small wastewater tre

Metal sealings are installed in collecting devices made of concrete to make them liquid-tight. Liquid-tight collecting trays and devices are enclosures serving to meet the requirement for secondary co

The construction products described here are metal components formed by welding or soldering metal parts together. The construction techniques described here are structural works or parts thereof whic

In timber construction, nailing plates are used as three-dimensional fasteners. EAD 130186-00-0603 provides the basis for affixing the CE marking to nailing plates. Mechanical fasteners in timber cons

A leak detection system is used to monitor the tightness of both the primary and the secondary skin of a double-skin tank or pipe within the meaning of water legislation. For this purpose, any deviati

Filling systems are composed of branched filling lines (pipes) and are used to fill several tanks of a heating oil system or diesel storage system simultaneously (battery installation). Plastic tanks,

Fire- or temperature-resistant smoke extraction ducts and powered smoke exhaust ventilators are part of powered smoke control systems and serve to discharge smoke from the building in case of fire. Fo

Grout is used for filling ducts for internal bonded tendons or sheaths for external tendons. It serves to establish a form and interference fit between the concrete and the prestressing wires and to p

Overhead glazing (also known as 'horizontal glazing') is understood to be glazing with an angle of inclination of more than 10° with respect to the vertical plane. With overhead glazing, it is assumed